Ceramic lining, pipe by thermit reaction.

Impact of an Epoxy Pipe Lining Material on Distribution System Water Quality

Corrosion of iron and copper pipes can produce leaks and loss of efficiency in the water distribution system, elevate levels of contaminants at the tap, and cost billions of dollars annually in pipe replacement or rehabilitation. In situ pipe rehabilitation using cement mortar, polyurethane, and epoxy is a commonly employed method of dealing with aging yet structurally sound pipes because it is...

Estimation of the Heat of Reaction in Traditional Ceramic Compositions

Response of a polyvinyl chloride water pipe when transverse to an underlying pipe replaced by pipe bursting

An existing deteriorated or hydraulically undersized pipe can be replaced with a new pipe by static pipe bursting. Cavity expansion during pipe bursting induces ground movements, which may potentially damage nearby buried utilities if they are in close proximity to the pipe bursting operation. A large-scale pipe bursting experiment was performed in an 8 m long, 8 m wide, and 3 m deep test pit f...

Metal-ceramic joining by laser

Within the scope of increase in cutting tools efficiency, a CW CO;! laser beam has been used for butt welding sintered tips containing cobalt and tungsten carbide to a medium carbon steel core. After optimization of the laser processing conditions, full penetrating, sound and homogeneous welds are observed. Hardness is found to be nearly constant across the entire weld bead cross-section. Micro...

Optimal Mixing by Feedback in Pipe Flow

We design a Lyapunov based boundary feedback controller for achieving mixing in a D pipe ow governed by Navier Stokes equations We show that the control law maximizes a measure of mixing that incorporates stretching and folding of material elements while at the same time minimi zing the control e ort and the sensing e ort The penalty on sensing results in a static output feedback control law ra...